From Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter marked the first exchange of fire in the Civil War. After seven southern states ratified their declarations of secession, the state of South Carolina demanded that Federal (United States) troops stationed at Fort Moultrie (in Charleston Harbor) abandon the fort. On December 26, 1860, however, Union Major General Richard Anderson moved his troops from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, because he thought Fort Sumter was more easily defended. South Carolina subsequently seized all other Federal forts in South Carolina except for Fort Sumter. About two weeks later, U.S. president at the time James Buchanan authorized the delivery of reinforcements to Fort Sumter. The ship carrying the reinforcements was fired upon by batteries from the South Carolina shore and the reinforcements never made it.
The South is Serious!
Over the course of the next few months, Confederate forces strengthened batteries around Fort Sumter. Furthermore, the new president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, appointed his first military officer, P.G. T. Beauregard, to command forces in Charleston. Ironically, Anderson and Beauregard were close friends and Beauregard even served as Anderson’s assistant after graduation from West Point.
The Bombardment and Siege
Inside the fort, Anderson and his troops were running short on food and supplies as a siege began to form. New president Abraham Lincoln again tried to resupply the fort and notified South Carolina Governor Francis Pickins that he was sending in ships. In response, Confederate forces demanded the immediate surrender of the fort. After General Anderson refused the demand, they began bombarding Fort Sumter at 4:30 in the morning on April 12, 1861.
Surrender
Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter quickly took their toll. Badly outgunned and outmanned, Anderson’s forces inside the fort initially returned fire, but were soon overwhelmed. After 34 hours, Major General Anderson agreed to evacuate the fort. No American or Confederate soldiers were killed during the battle, though two soldiers would die as a result of a gun explosion during the surrender ceremonies on April 14.
Mobilizing for War
Both the North and the South became galvanized in their war efforts after Fort Sumter. President Lincoln’s request for the mobilization of 75,000 additional troops prompted the secession of four other states.
Fort Sumter Activities
- Fort Sumter Reading Comprehension - This resource includes a historical passage and ten multiple choice questions.
- Fort Sumter Reading Comprehension - Online - This resource includes a historical passage and ten multiple choice questions. It gives immediate feedback. It gives immediate feedback. In addition, when you click the "listen" button, you can hear the passage while it highlights the text.
- Fort Sumter Battle Breakdown - Printable - This awesome printable helps students to essentially diagram battles! It requires students to write the cause, the players in the battle, the victor, and the effects of the battle. It comes with a descriptive narrative about the battle that students can use.
- Fort Sumter Fact or Fiction - Printable - This fun activity requires students to read a Fort Sumter passage and then, to sort 11 statements into those that are facts and those that are fiction.
- Fort Sumter Fact or Fiction - Online - This fun activity requires students to read a Fort Sumter passage and then, to sort 11 statements into those that are facts and those that are fiction. The program gives immediate feedback.
- Fort Sumter Correct-me Passage - This fun activity requires students to correct a passage about the Battle of Fort Sumter that has eight factual errors. Students first must discover the errors, then click on them and select the correct answer from the drop down menu.
