During the time of the American Revolution, many residents of the colonies were unsure whether the idea of separating from England was a wise one. Some were strictly opposed to it. These individuals were called Loyalists. Loyalists, called “Tories” by Patriots, opposed the Revolution for many reasons:

* They believed in the sanctity of their shared cultural heritage with the British and had a strong sense of duty and loyalty toward the British Crown.

* They may have benefitted from the Trans-Atlantic trade with England and were worried that war could threaten their livelihood.

* They were worried that an independent nation would be reduced to anarchy and chaos.

* They thought the British military would simply crush any rebellion and additional punishments would follow.

* They believed that Parliament was the legitimate authority over the colonies and that acts of rebellion amounted to insubordination.

* They enjoyed being part of the British Empire, considered the most powerful in the world.

* African-American slaves living in the 13 colonies were promised freedom by the British for joining the cause.

Throughout the Revolutionary War, individuals and groups identified as Loyalists were persecuted by Patriots. Loyalists were subject to personal attacks, imprisonment, harassment, and seizure of their property. Many were forced to flee. Some fled to Loyalists strongholds such as New York City, while others fled to Canada or the West Indies. While many such people started their lives anew, others eventually returned to America where they were treated harshly at first, but eventually re-integrated into society.