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The first battle of the American Revolution occurred at Lexington, Massachusetts, in 1775. The American colonists were angry about numerous taxes issued by the British king. In 1776, the colonists issued the Declaration of Independence, a document written by Thomas Jefferson that outlined America's intention to become a new country separate from England. England wanted to maintain control of America, and vowed to fight the colonists. The war lasted eight long years. The Americans won many important battles such as those at Saratoga and Yorktown. Many American heroes emerged such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin. Finally, in 1781, the British surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, and a new nation was born two years later.