John
Adams was born in 1735 to Henry and Susanna
Boylston Adams. Adams graduated from Harvard
University in 1755 and became an
attorney in 1758. From an early age,
Adams developed intense feelings for
political causes. He wrote powerful
speeches against the Stamp
Act of 1765, but also defended British
soldiers charged with murder after
the Boston
Massacre. In 1764,
he married Abigail Smith. Together
they would have five children, including
future president John Quincy Adams.
Their marriage would provide a source
of comfort for John during his years
away from her negotiating in Europe.
In
1771, Adams was elected to the Massachusetts
House of Representatives and later, to the Continental
Congress in 1774. Adams carried great
influence among the members of Congress
and strongly favored separation from England.
Adams also assisted in the drafting of
the Declaration
of Independence and the Massachusetts
Constitution. He quickly became a vocal
leader in the quest for independence and gained
a reputation for being incorruptable, stubborn,
and fiery. After spending several years negotiating
business treaties with European powers at the
conclusion of the Revolutionary
War, Adams was elected as the second president
of the United
States (he lost to George
Washington previously and served two
terms as his vice-president). His presidency,
however, was marred by the passage of the Alien
and Sedition Acts, controversy within
his Federalist party regarding foreign
policy, and a general feeling that Federalists
relied more on the ideas of Alexander
Hamilton than his. Adams was defeated
by
Thomas Jefferson
in 1800 in his bid for a second term in the
presidency.
After
completing his term as President, Adams became
depressed and moved back to his home, called
Peacefield, near Quincy, Massachusetts. He
completely dropped out of politics. In 1812,
however, he began corresponding with Thomas
Jefferson, and the two former presidents
sent letters to each other for fourteen years
about politics, government, and philosophy.
In 1825, his son, John Quincy Adams was elected
as America's sixth president. On July 4, 1826,
the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the
Declaration of Independence, John Adams died
at his home. Ironically, his friend and fellow
Founding Father Thomas Jefferson died the same
day, only hours before him.
Today,
John Adams is remembered as one of the Founding
Fathers. For much of history, however, he
was overshadowed by the likes of Thomas Jefferson,
George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin
(whom Adams detested). Recently, however,
Adams has been brought back into significance
with the famous David McCollough novel called
John Adams, which was turned into a popular
seven part film.